A NEW REDUCED CLOCK POWER FLIP-FLOP FOR FUTURE SOC APPLICATIONS

In this paper a novel technique is proposed based on the comparison between Conventional Conditional Data Mapping Flip-flop and Clock Pair Shared D flip flop(CPSFF) here we are checking the working of CDMFF and the conventional D Flip-flop. Due to the immense growth in nanometer technology the SOC is became the future concept of the modern electronics the number of clock transistors are also considerably increased. In this paper we propose a new system which will considerably reduce the number of transistor which will lead to the reduction in clocking power which will improve the overall power consumption.Our proposed which is designed using Pass Transistor Logic (LCPTFF) Low Power Clocked Pass Transistor Flip-Flop system is showing much better output than all other designs as mentioned in the tabulation.The simulations are done using Microwind& DSCH analysis software tools and the result between all those types are listed below

A NEW LOW POWER TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER REDUCTION IN SRAM’S USING COLUMN DECOUPLING COMBINED WITH VIRTUAL GROUNDING

In this paper we are going to modify the column decoupled SRAM for the purpose of more reduced leakages than the existing type of designs as well as the new design which is combined of virtual grounding with column decoupling logic is compared with the existing technologies & the nanometer technology is also improved for the purpose of much improved reduction of area & power factors the simulations were done using microwind& DSCH result

NOVEL GROUND BOUNCE NOISE REDUCTION WITH ENHANCED POWER AND AREA EFFICIENCY FOR LOW POWER PORTABLE APPLICATION

As technology scales into the nanometer regime ground bounce noise and heat dissipation immunity are becoming important metric of comparable importance to leakage current, active power, delay and area for the analysis and design of complex arithmetic logic circuits. In this paper, low leakage 1bit PFAL full adder cells are proposed for mobile applications with low ground bounce noise and heat dissipation in the circuits using adiabatic logic. The simulations are done using DSCH &MicrowindSoftware

Deep Learning Frameworks for Cardiovascular Arrhythmia Classification

Arrhythmia classification is a prominent research problem due to the computational complexities of learning the morphology of various ECG patterns and its wide prevalence in the medical field, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we used Empirical Mode Decomposition and Discrete Wavelet Transform for preprocessing and then the modified signal is classified using various classifiers such as Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Linear  SVM, Polynomial SVM, RBF SVM, Sigmoid SVM and Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed method classify the data into five classes N (Normal), S (Supraventricular premature) beat, (V) Premature ventricular contraction, F (Fusion of ventricular and normal), and Q, (Unclassifiable Beat) using softmax regressor at the end of the network. The proposed approach performs well in terms of classification accuracy when tested using ECG signals acquired from the MIT-BIH database. In comparison to existing classifiers, the Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score values of the proposed technique are 98.5%, 96.9%, 94.3%, and 91.32%, respectively.  &nbsp

Ethanol port injection and dual-fuel combustion in a common-rail diesel engine

Opposed to a conventional approach of using ethanol in a spark-ignition engine, this study demonstrates a potential of ethanol utilization in a diesel engine using dual-fuel combustion strategy where ethanol is injected into the intake manifold and diesel is directly injected into the combustion chamber. The main focus of this study is the effect of ethanol port fuel injector (PFI) sprays on dual-fuel combustion and emissions. Firstly, details of temporal and spatial development of ethanol PFI sprays were studied using Mie-scattering and high-speed shadowgraph imaging techniques. Momentum flux-based injection rate measurement was also performed. The influences of fuel flow-rate, injection duration, and ambient air cross-flow are of particular interest in an effort to understand ethanol PFI spray characteristics that are relevant to automobile engines. Ethanol sprays are also studied for various PFI positions to examine the potential effect of droplets-airflow interaction and wall wetting. With the clear understanding on ethanol PFI sprays, dual-fuel engine experiments were conducted for various ethanol energy ratios and PFI positions. It is found that the effect of PFI position on global phenomena such as in-cylinder pressure, apparent heat release rate and mean effective pressure is much less significant than the effect of ethanol energy fraction. However, the misfiring limit shows measurable difference such that the PFI position closer to the intake valves results in 10% higher ethanol energy fraction than that of the further upstream position. Reduced wall-wetting due to surface boiling occurring on the hot valve seat is suggested as a possible cause, which is consistent with 30% lower carbon monoxide and 64% lower unburnt hydrocarbon emissions. Detailed investigation for various ethanol energy fractions was also conducted. From the in-cylinder pressure measurements, it is found that the increased ethanol energy fraction increases the engine efficiency up to 10% until it is limited by misfiring. The results are compared to diesel-only operation with varying injection timings in order to explain whether the increased efficiency is due to the combustion phasing or improved combustion associated with fast burning of ethanol. Further analysis of the data reveals that the latter is the primary cause for the efficiency gain. By advancing the diesel injection timing, it is found that the maximum ethanol fraction can be extended to 70% without the misfiring problem but 20% increase in nitrogen oxide emissions is also observed, which raises a question on the advantages of utilizing ethanol in a diesel engine. However, negligible smoke emissions are measured at ethanol energy ratio of 20% or higher suggesting that optimization of these emissions is much easier compared with conventional diesel combustion

A Non-Isolated Hybrid Zeta Converter with a High Voltage Gain and Reduced Size of Components

In this paper a novel non-coupled inductor-based hybrid Zeta converter with a minimal duty cycle is proposed. The converter’s potential benefits include buck and boost operation modes, easy implementation, continuous input current, and high efficiency. The converter provides a higher voltage gain than a conventional Zeta converter and is adapted to EV and LED applications due to the continuous input current. The proposed converter operates in three distinct operation modes via two electronic switches, each operated independently with a different duty ratio. This paper also analyzes the converter’s performance based on equivalent circuits, and analytical waveforms in each operating mode and design procedure are shown. The voltage gain and dynamic modelling are computed for both buck and boost operational modes for the hybrid Zeta converter. The efficiency and performance of the converter in both operating modes are validated using MATLAB/Simulink. Hardware in the loop (HIL) testing method on RT-LAB OP-5700 for both operation modes of the converter are performed. The peak efficiency of the proposed converter with an input voltage of 36 V is obtained at 95.2%. The proposed converter offers a wide voltage gain at a small duty cycle with fewer components and high efficiency. Simulations and experiments have been carried out under different conditions and the results proved that the proposed converter is a viable solution